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Stockholm Sweden – Article – Thermosiphon loops for heat extraction
Ground source heat pumps use the energy from the ground for heating and cooling applications in buildings. This mechanism is carried out in a borehole in which a fluid circulates through a closed loop. In thermosiphon loops, the fluid circulates naturally while taking up the heat from the surrounding ground. The advantage of the natural circulation is that it substitutes the need of a circulating pump and this leads to a reduction of electricity consumption. Furthermore, in the case of leakage, ground water is not polluted because of being able to use natural fluids instead of traditional non freezing fluids.
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Application of CO2 (R744) Refrigerant in Industrial Cold Storage Refrigeration Plant
This paper describes four single stage CO2 (R744) vapour compression refrigeration systems servicing two medium sized freezer stores located in a food processing facility situated in Brisbane, Australia. The processes which lead to the selection of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant as well as the selection of condensing medium are detailed. In addition, the general plant design concept, plant control, automatic defrost method, practical issues relating to the installation and practical difficulties encountered during commissioning are described in detail. An assessment of the long term reliability of the R744 systems is made and future applications of R744 as a refrigerant are discussed.
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Energy Savings Potential and RD&D Opportunities for Non-Vapor-Compression HVAC Technologies
March 2014 – While vapor-compression technologies have served heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) needs very effectively, and have been the dominant HVAC technology for close to 100 years, the conventional refrigerants used in vapor-compression equipment contribute to global climate change when released to the atmosphere.
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Liquid Pressure Amplification – Technology Keeps Improving
Liquid Pressure Amplification LPA® can be applied to manytypes of refrigeration plant, including air conditioningsystems. The benefits depend upon the type ofrefrigerant being used in the plant and the operating conditions.
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